The northern lights are an optical phenomenon of the Earth's atmosphere, characterized by bright bands of a wide range of shapes and colors, typically red-green-blue, called auroral arcs, caused by the interaction of charged particles of solar origin with the Earth's ionosphere.
Obviously, to observe the Northern Lights - the equivalent of the Southern Lights of the southern hemisphere of the Earth - it is necessary to head as far north as possible in the northern hemisphere, better beyond the Arctic Circle.
To observe the dawn the sky must be clear and, possibly, totally cloudless. It is also necessary that there is total darkness. The best time to observe the phenomenon, however, is between the beginning of autumn and the beginning of spring (approximately from the second half of September until the beginning of April).